[翻譯] In the beginning God created …(2-2)

The physical aspect of pitching skill Abilities such as strength, physical size, muscle composition, connective tissue, range of motion, flexibility, nervous systems, etc. are all physical attributes that play an important rule in the ability to develop pitching skill. Professional baseball understands this, as evidenced by the amateur player draft (with emphasis on physical size of the pitchers). But again, left handers receive a special physical dispensation. Major league clubs are more willing to take a chance on an undersized left hander than they are on an undersized right hander. Often, that's a mistake, as evidenced by pitchers such as Tim Lincecum and Johnny Cueto. Hall of Famer Steve Carlton and future Hall of Famer Randy Johnson have physical attributes. Mechanical aspect of pitching skill Simply stated, this is the ability to efficiently and effectively throw the baseball. Efficiency means throwing with the least amount of effort while developing speed, location and movement of the ball. Attributes such as a quick arm and arm speed are highly sought after. Also there is a somewhat mystical quantity that has to do with effort. Scouts want to see pitchers who can throw 95 mph with minimal effort, as opposed to what they think is maximum effort. What they're really talking about is being able to throw with no wasted, unproductive movements. There is no such thing as maximum effort. Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax may have had the best pure “stuff” of any lefthander. Mental aspect of pitching skill All voluntary movement is the result of doing what is necessary to achieve a goal. The intent to throw is the most critical aspect of the throwing process. From a pitching perspective, this means that the intent to get the batter out is the most important part of the pitching process. Intent affects all aspects of getting the batter out—type of pitch, location of pitch, speed of pitch, movement of pitch, etc.; all are determined by the intent of the pitcher. The mental aspect of pitching is what allows pitchers, whether right handed or left handed, to be successful without having the best throwing mechanics or physical attributes. Hall of Famers Warren Spahn and Whitey Ford knew how to get batters out. A few words about intent and maximum effort pitchers: Quite often I hear the term "max effort pitcher" used as a negative regarding a player's pitching (throwing) mechanics. How do you throw a baseball 100 mph without maximum effort? Here is a clip of Nolan Ryan. By the expression on his face and looking at the muscles in his neck, I would say that Ryan, while he may not be putting his maximum effort into the pitch, is coming pretty close. When people call a player's mechanics “max effort,” I believe they are saying he doesn't use his body to throw efficiently. That's because unless the player is putting close to 100 percent of his effort (intent) into throwing the ball, he is not going to succeed at the major league level. A few more words regarding individual differences: No two people will respond identically to the same situation or same stimulus. This difference is embodied in the principle of individual differences, which applies to just about every aspect of human behavior, ranging from how the body responds to training to how effectively and efficiently the body acquires movement skills. Optimal flexibility varies considerably. These two teammates underwent similar training programs through high school and college. Variants of flexibility may lead to variance of techniques, selection or profiling of sport. The athlete being stretched in the first picture was a national champion in the freestyle stroke; the athlete being stretched in the second picture was a national champion in the butterfly stroke. Performances is the product of flexibility, strength and neuromuscular integration. This principle of individual differences as applied to throwing a baseball is a two-edged sword. On the one hand, it helps explain how players succeed at hitting and pitching by being different. On the other hand, not fully understanding or appreciating the principle leads to misinformation regarding how the body optimally swings and throws. Two words that I find frequently used in player selection and development as “fudge factors”—words used to explain the unexplainable”—are “talent” and “style.” In throwing a baseball, the biggest abuse of individual differences is attempting to predict injury based on how the player appears to be throwing the baseball. Factors such as strength, flexibility, neuromuscular integration all combined to create a unique capability in every individual. Attempting to judge a player's mechanics as being either good or bad based upon a single, stereotyped set of mechanics is a potential exercise in futility. Some left handers who throw like left handers These are players who don't look to be using max effort and are also not throwing very efficiently. One of the first left handers who caught my attention was Denny Neagle, because at the time I was trying hard to understand the role of arm action. Neagle was listed at 6-foot-2, 215 pounds, with a fastball 86-88 mph. Neagle's arm action is “soft,” as is his entire delivery. Left handers have a tendency to sling the ball. Yet Neagle still got batters out and was rewarded with lucrative contracts. Early on I used Neagle as an example of how not to throw the baseball. Another left hander whose delivery I consider one of the worst I’ve viewed is a player I thought several years ago would be out of baseball but seems to be doing quite well. Mark Redman has atrocious arm action, but is another testimonial to the rule that if you are left handed and you can pitch (location, changing speeds and movement), you will be handsomely rewarded. One left-handed pitcher who personifies the combination of adequate throwing mechanics and very good pitching mechanics (how to get batters out) is Andy Pettitte. His success is in no small part due to his consistent ability to throw a 90-plus mph fastball along with his pitching smarts. “Old Men Rivers” are players who have found the right combination of intent to throw and reasonably decent throwing mechanics for their physical abilities. This combination leads to longevity. One of the great potential advantages of a left-handed pitcher is the ability to minimize wear and tear on their body if they can find and maintain the minimum velocity necessary to get batters out. These four pitchers have managed to do this. Old men (by MLB standards) throwing a baseball. From top left clockwise, Jamie Moyer, Tom Glavine, Randy Johnson and Kenny Rogers. 體能方面的投球能力： 力量、體格大小、肌肉、反應、移動能力、柔軟度...etc。職業球團很了解這一點，從選 秀會上就可以看的出來。但同樣的，左投有特權。小隻的左投比小隻的右投更容易獲的職 業球隊的青睞。 當然，總是有像Tim Lincecum和Johnny Cueto這種例外。 體能優勢的代表：名人堂投手Steve Carlton和未來的名人堂投手Randy Johnson。 投球機制方面的能力： 簡單的說，就是有效丟球的能力。"效率"表示用最小的出力來達到最佳的球速、控球和尾 勁。很快的揮臂速度是大家渴望找尋到的。這裡有些難以捉摸的是"出力"的定義。球探們 喜歡那些能"輕鬆"投出95mph的而不是那些"用力"投出95mph的。他們真正的意思是投球時 不要有其他不必要的動作。並沒有所謂"用盡全力"的問題。 名人堂投手Sandy Koufax可能是史上stuff最好的左投。 心理方面的能力： 丟球的目的是在丟球過程中最重要的一點。從投球的角度來說，這句話的意思是解決打者 是投球最重要的目的。 解決打者有很多技巧:球種、球速、位置、尾勁..等;投手的意圖決定這些技巧的運用。這 讓投手可以在丟球機制不夠出色(stuff不足)的情況下依然成功。 名人堂投手Warren Spahn和Whitey Ford 懂得怎麼解決打者。 這裡提一下關於"用盡全力"的投手:我常常聽到"用盡全力"這個詞被當作負面的用法。請問 你要怎麼不"用盡全力"來投出100mph的火球？來看看Nolan Ryan投球時的樣子。看來他就 算不是"用盡全力"投球也差不多很接近了。 當人們說"用盡全力"時我認為他的意思是投球不夠有效率。投球沒有"用盡全力"的投手是 很難在大聯盟生存的。 再碎碎唸一下:沒有兩個人會對同一種情況做出相同的反應。這個差異表現所謂的個體差異 上，像是身體對訓練的反應和效果。 柔軟度的差異就相當的大。這兩位隊友在高中和大學經歷了相似的訓練。柔軟度的差異導 致技巧或運動種類的不同。第一張圖的運動員是自由式游泳的國家冠軍，第二張圖的則是 蝶式國家冠軍。表現是柔軟度、力量、協調性三者的產物。 個體的差異在丟球上是把兩面刃。一方面，這解釋了球員們是怎樣在不同的條件下成功。 另一方面，不了解個體的差異導致對有效率運用身體力量的不了解。我發現在球員選擇和 培養中常被用來形容"無法解釋"的兩個字—天份和風格。 在投球中，對"差異性"最大的濫用是基於投球的外觀去預測球員受傷的可能性。柔軟度、 力量、協調性等各種因素造就一個獨一無二的球員。只從單一方面的某個投球特徵就去評 斷球員投球機制的好壞是徒勞無用的。 投起來像左投的左投： 那些看來沒有"用盡全力"的投球動作代表著沒有"有效率的投球"。第一個被我注意到的左 投是Denny Neagle，因為剛好那時我正努力了解揮臂動作的在投球中扮演的角色。Neagle 是個6-2,215磅的左投，球速在86-88mph間。他的整體動作和和揮臂都很"軟"。左投們都有 種"拋球"的傾向。但Neagle依然能解決打者並賺進了大把的鈔票。 先前我拿Neagle來當有效投球的錯誤示範。 另一個有著超爛投球動作的則是Mark Redman。他的揮臂動作雖然很爛，但他也證明了只要 你會從左邊丟球就不怕失業。 一個有著不錯的丟球機制和很棒的投球機制(懂得怎麼解決打者)的左投是Andy Pettitte。 在他的成功中，90-plus mph速球和投球智慧扮演著同樣重要的角色。 “Old Men Rivers” 是指那些找到了怎樣把投球目的和不錯的丟球機制結合在一起的人。 這讓他們生涯長久。對左投手來說最大的好處是他們可以輕鬆丟球。看看這四位左投的示 範:順時針方向:Jamie Moyer, Tom Glavine, Randy Johnson, Kenny Rogers (待續...) -- ◆ From: 140.112.5.3
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